Commercial Investment Real Estate is the magazine of the CCIM Institute, the leading provider of commercial real estate education. CIRE covers market trends, current developments, and business strategies within the commercial real estate field.
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As shown in Table 3, with the application of the Akerson formula, a cap rate of 6.86% is derived. The Difference Te Akerson formula results in a rate that is at least 75 basis points higher than the rate derived by the Gettel formula. Te higher Akerson rate is attributed to the investment from a perspective of an individual investor, whereas the Gettel formula focuses on the investment from the perspective of a bank lending committee. Te Gettel formula is accounting for debt coverage and principal pay-down whereas the Akerson formula accounts for these items as well as equity buildup. Simply put, the contingencies for equity account for roughly 86 basis points of additional risk premium in the Akerson application. In terms of value on the $7,000 NOI, the Gettel formula produces a value of $115,908 and the Akerson formula produces a value of $101,996. Of course both are of nominal diference, yet one is a value to a loan committee based on the property's ability to pay and the other is a price that buyer would be willing to spend, given these investment criteria. Which formula is correct? Te universal answer is, "It depends." Of course the results are merely 12 percent apart, but in reality, perhaps both answers are correct. Recall that an appraisal of market value as defned by the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice is such only to the intended user. Tus, if your client is a potential buyer, she may provide you with her equity hurdles in addition to costs of debt. Either way, you now have several tools at your disposal, in addition to any sale comparables you analyze, to provide your client or the intended user with credible, quality results founded in generally acceptable appraisal standards. In lieu of a for-sale sign, an appraisal is the only evidence of market value accepted by third parties in the United States. Valuation is an orderly science and an appraisal is written in conformity with the commonly applied practices and principles of real estate appraisers. Yet like their broker brethren, even appraisers were perplexed when clients asked "How much?" over the past few years. Tere simply were insufcient data points to suggest a relevant market. Yet to those armed with CCIM's CI 101 and CI 103 smarts, the capitalization of income in response to a dearth of data was a natural default. So long as there is leverage, incomeproducing real estate will be valuable. So long as we continue our studies of investor hurdle rates, both from the perspective of the lender and investor, we'll have a means of converting stable income streams into value. Eric B. Garfield, CCIM, MAI, is the director of the tangible asset valuation practice at WTAS LLC in Los Angeles. Contact him at eric.garfield@wtas.com. CCIM.com Table 3: Akerson Formula Calculation Akerson Format Steps Assumptions Stated on Left 1 M x Rm + E x Re 3 – M x P 4 = r 5 +/– Dep/(Gain) x 1/Sn 6 = Ro 0.75 x 0.0644 = 0.0483 = 0.0300 = –0.0080 = 0.0703 = –0.0017 2 1 2 + 0.25 x – 0.75 x 0.1866 4 = r 5 +/– 0.03 6 1/Sn 0.1200 3 x = x x 0.0570 0.0570 0.0686 Cap Rate 6.86% Assumptions M 75% Loan to Value Ratio E 25% Equity to Value Ratio (Down Payment) Years 30 Amortization Period (monthly payments) Due 10 Loan to be called 1% 5% Loan Interest Rate Re 12% Market Derived Return on Equity Gain 3% Market Projected Increase in Value PV $1 Present Value of Loan for purposes of calculation FV $1 Future Value of Item to be reserved (For 1/Sn) Calculations Rm 0.064 Mortgage Constant 1/Sn 0.057 Sinking Fund Factor AMH 0.127 Amortization Rate of Holding Period P 0.187 Percentage Paid Off (In Decimals) September | October | 2013 41